An Unwanted Association: The Threat to Papaya Crops by a Novel Potexvirus in Northwest Argentina

An emerging virus isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) crops in northwestern (NW) Argentina was sequenced and characterized using next-generation sequencing. The resulting genome is 6667-nt long and encodes five open reading frames in an arrangement typical of other potexviruses. This virus appears to be a novel member within the genus Potexvirus. Blast analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) genes showed the highest amino acid sequence identity (67% and 71%, respectively) with pitaya virus X. Based on nucleotide sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, the name papaya virus X is proposed for this newly characterized potexvirus that was mechanically transmitted to papaya plants causing chlorotic patches and severe mosaic symptoms. Papaya virus X (PapVX) was found only in the NW region of Argentina. This prevalence could be associated with a recent emergence or adaptation of this virus to papaya in NW Argentina.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Torres, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM); ArgentinaFil: Portal, Orelvis. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Biología; CubaFil: Portal, Orelvis. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; CubaFil: Jaramillo Zapata, Margarita. Universidad de San Pablo-T; ArgentinaFil: Trucco, Veronica Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Trucco, Veronica Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Flores, Ceferino Rene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Claudio Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Yuto; ArgentinaFil: Badaracco, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Luis Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Nome Docampo, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Nome Docampo, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Quito-Avila, Diego. Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; EcuadorFil: Bejerman, Nicolas Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Castellanos Collazo, Onias. Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCYT); ArgentinaFil: Castellanos Collazo, Onias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez-Rodríguez, Aminael. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; EcuadorFil: Giolitti, Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentin

ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants predict substance use disorder

Genetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD

Commissioning Plan of the IFMIF-DONES Accelerator

IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility- DEMO-Oriented Neutron Early Source) - a powerful neutron irradiation facility for studies and certification of materials to be used in fusion reactors - is planned as part of the European roadmap to fusion electricity. Its main goal will be to characterize and to qualify materials under irradiation in a neutron field similar to the one faced in a fusion reactor. The intense neutron source is produced by impinging deuterons, from high-power linear deuteron accelerator, on a liquid lithium curtain. The facility has accomplished the preliminary design phase and is currently in its detailed design phase. At the present stage, it is important to have a clear understanding of how the commissioning of the facility will be performed, especially the commissioning of a 5 MW CW deuteron beam, together with the lithium curtain and the beam optimization for the neutron irradiation. In this contribution, the present plans for the hardware and beam commissioning of the accelerator will be given, focusing on the most critical aspects of the tiered approach and on the integration of the procedure with the lithium and tests systems

Modèle connexionniste neuromimétique pour la perception visuelle embarquée du mouvement

The connectionist research is in front of the strong constraints of autonomy in robotics issue of visual perceptive tasks that have not yet been satisfied by the neural models defined until now, particularly to the linked to motion perception ones. In this context, we propose a neuromimetic connectionist model allowing to deal with a set of tasks for dynamic visual perception (robot/objects in movement). It implies the compromise to satisfy some major constraints (bio-inspiration, massively distributed local processing aimed at being embedded on FPGA circuits for real-time processing) that must be kept central in the definition of our proposed model, in spite of the complexity of the considered tasks.Our connectionist model for the visual perception of motion consists of three modules : the first one performs a causal spatio temporal filtering based on Gabor filters and inspired by the responses of the simple cells of the primary visual cortex, V1. The second one carries out a distributed mechanism using strong localized interactions based on an antagonist principle inspired by the organization of V1 as a set of orientation columns. Finally, we integrate the responses of the second module and we send them to the third one, as inspired by the properties of the receptive fields of the MT and MST (middle temporal and middle superior temporal areas, respectively). This last module brings to the foreground a single moving object through the evolution in different maps of the laterals, feed-forward and feed-back interactions of a neural population that is densely interconnected according to the principle of the CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). Globally, a single moving object is focused and followed as a result of these interactions.Le recherche en connexionnisme est en face des fortes contraintes d'autonomie en robotique notamment issues des tâches perceptives visuelles qui n'ont pas encore été satisfaites par les modèles neuronaux utilisés jusqu'à aujourd'hui, surtout celles liées à la perception du mouvement. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons un modèle connexionniste neuromimétique permettant de traiter un ensemble de tâches de perception visuelle dynamique (robot/objets environnants en mouvement). Cela implique le compromis de maintenir la satisfaction des contraintes (bio-inspiration, traitements locaux massivement distribués en vue d'une implantation ultérieure temps-réel embarquée sur circuit FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array) au coeur de la définition du modèle proposé, malgré la complexité des tâches en jeu.Le modèle connexionniste proposé pour la perception visuelle du mouvement est constitué de trois modules : le premier opère un filtrage spatio-temporel causal issu des filtres de Gabor et inspiré des réponses des cellules simples du cortex visuel primaire, V1. Le deuxième met en place un mécanisme distribué de fortes interactions localisées fondé sur un principe antagoniste inspiré de l'organisation en colonnes d'orientation dans V1. Finalement, en nous inspirant des propriétés des champs récepteurs des neurones de MT et MST (aire temporelle moyenne et supérieur moyenne, respectivement), nous intégrons les réponses du second module et les envoyons au troisième. Ce dernier fait émerger un seul objet en mouvement à travers l'évolution en différentes cartes des interactions latérales, en pro-action et en retro-action d'une population neuronale densément interconnectée selon le principe de la CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). L'attention sur l'objet émergé nous permet donc de le suivre

Modèle connexionniste neuromimétique pour la perception visuelle embarquée du mouvement

The connectionist research is in front of the strong constraints of autonomy in robotics issue of visual perceptive tasks that have not yet been satisfied by the neural models defined until now, particularly to the linked to motion perception ones. In this context, we propose a neuromimetic connectionist model allowing to deal with a set of tasks for dynamic visual perception (robot/objects in movement). It implies the compromise to satisfy some major constraints (bio-inspiration, massively distributed local processing aimed at being embedded on FPGA circuits for real-time processing) that must be kept central in the definition of our proposed model, in spite of the complexity of the considered tasks.Our connectionist model for the visual perception of motion consists of three modules : the first one performs a causal spatio temporal filtering based on Gabor filters and inspired by the responses of the simple cells of the primary visual cortex, V1. The second one carries out a distributed mechanism using strong localized interactions based on an antagonist principle inspired by the organization of V1 as a set of orientation columns. Finally, we integrate the responses of the second module and we send them to the third one, as inspired by the properties of the receptive fields of the MT and MST (middle temporal and middle superior temporal areas, respectively). This last module brings to the foreground a single moving object through the evolution in different maps of the laterals, feed-forward and feed-back interactions of a neural population that is densely interconnected according to the principle of the CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). Globally, a single moving object is focused and followed as a result of these interactions.Le recherche en connexionnisme est en face des fortes contraintes d'autonomie en robotique notamment issues des tâches perceptives visuelles qui n'ont pas encore été satisfaites par les modèles neuronaux utilisés jusqu'à aujourd'hui, surtout celles liées à la perception du mouvement. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons un modèle connexionniste neuromimétique permettant de traiter un ensemble de tâches de perception visuelle dynamique (robot/objets environnants en mouvement). Cela implique le compromis de maintenir la satisfaction des contraintes (bio-inspiration, traitements locaux massivement distribués en vue d'une implantation ultérieure temps-réel embarquée sur circuit FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array) au coeur de la définition du modèle proposé, malgré la complexité des tâches en jeu.Le modèle connexionniste proposé pour la perception visuelle du mouvement est constitué de trois modules : le premier opère un filtrage spatio-temporel causal issu des filtres de Gabor et inspiré des réponses des cellules simples du cortex visuel primaire, V1. Le deuxième met en place un mécanisme distribué de fortes interactions localisées fondé sur un principe antagoniste inspiré de l'organisation en colonnes d'orientation dans V1. Finalement, en nous inspirant des propriétés des champs récepteurs des neurones de MT et MST (aire temporelle moyenne et supérieur moyenne, respectivement), nous intégrons les réponses du second module et les envoyons au troisième. Ce dernier fait émerger un seul objet en mouvement à travers l'évolution en différentes cartes des interactions latérales, en pro-action et en retro-action d'une population neuronale densément interconnectée selon le principe de la CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). L'attention sur l'objet émergé nous permet donc de le suivre

A connectionist approach for visual perception of motion

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceModeling visual perception of motion by connectionist networks offers various areas of research for the development of real-time models of dynamic perception-action. In this paper we present the bases of a bio-inspired connectionist approach that is part of our development of neural networks applied to autonomous robotics. Our model of visual perception of motion is based on a causal adaptation of spatiotemporal Gabor lters. We use our causal spatiotemporal lters within a modular and strongly localized architecture that performs a shunting inhibition mechanism. This model has been evaluated on arti cial as well as natural image sequences. || La modélisation de la perception visuelle du mouvement par des réseaux connexionnists offre différents aires de recherche pour le développement en temps réel de modèles pour la dynamique perception action. Dans cet article nous présentons les fundaments